// LiveValidation 1.3 (standalone version)
// Copyright (c) 2007-2008 Alec Hill (www.livevalidation.com)
// LiveValidation is licensed under the terms of the MIT License

/*********************************************** LiveValidation class ***********************************/

/**
 *validates a form field in real-time based on validations you assign to it
 *
 *@var element {mixed} - either a dom element reference or the string id of the element to validate
 *@var optionsObj {Object} - general options, see below for details
 *
 *optionsObj properties:
 *validMessage {String} - the message to show when the field passes validation
 *  (DEFAULT: "Thankyou!")
 *onValid {Function} - function to execute when field passes validation
 *  (DEFAULT: function(){ this.insertMessage(this.createMessageSpan()); this.addFieldClass(); } )
 *onInvalid {Function} - function to execute when field fails validation
 *  (DEFAULT: function(){ this.insertMessage(this.createMessageSpan()); this.addFieldClass(); })
 *insertAfterWhatNode {Int} - position to insert default message
 *  (DEFAULT: the field that is being validated)
 *              onlyOnBlur {Boolean} - whether you want it to validate as you type or only on blur
 *                            (DEFAULT: false)
 *              wait {Integer} - the time you want it to pause from the last keystroke before it validates (ms)
 *                            (DEFAULT: 0)
 *              onlyOnSubmit {Boolean} - whether should be validated only when the form it belongs to is submitted
 *                            (DEFAULT: false)
 */
var LiveValidation = function(element, optionsObj){
  this.initialize(element, optionsObj);
}

  LiveValidation.VERSION = '1.3 standalone';

/** element types constants ****/

LiveValidation.TEXTAREA = 1;
LiveValidation.TEXT     = 2;
LiveValidation.PASSWORD = 3;
LiveValidation.CHECKBOX = 4;
LiveValidation.SELECT = 5;
LiveValidation.FILE = 6;

/****** Static methods *******/

/**
 *pass an array of LiveValidation objects and it will validate all of them
 *
 *@var validations {Array} - an array of LiveValidation objects
 *@return {Bool} - true if all passed validation, false if any fail
 */
LiveValidation.massValidate = function(validations){
  var returnValue = true;
  for(var i = 0, len = validations.length; i < len; ++i ){
    var valid = validations[i].validate();
    if(returnValue) returnValue = valid;
  }
  return returnValue;
}

/****** prototype ******/

  LiveValidation.prototype = {

    validClass: 'LV_valid',
    invalidClass: 'LV_invalid',
    messageClass: 'LV_validation_message',
    validFieldClass: 'LV_valid_field',
    invalidFieldClass: 'LV_invalid_field',

    /**
     *initialises all of the properties and events
     *
     * @var - Same as constructor above
     */
    initialize: function(element, optionsObj){
      var self = this;
      if(!element) throw new Error("LiveValidation::initialize - No element reference or element id has been provided!");
      this.element = element.nodeName ? element : document.getElementById(element);
      if(!this.element) throw new Error("LiveValidation::initialize - No element with reference or id of '" + element + "' exists!");
      // default properties that could not be initialised above
      this.validations = [];
      this.elementType = this.getElementType();
      this.form = this.element.form;
      // options
      var options = optionsObj || {};
      this.validMessage = options.validMessage || 'Ok';
      var node = options.insertAfterWhatNode || this.element;
      this.insertAfterWhatNode = node.nodeType ? node : document.getElementById(node);
      this.onValid = options.onValid || function(){ this.insertMessage(this.createMessageSpan()); this.addFieldClass(); };
      this.onInvalid = options.onInvalid || function(){ this.insertMessage(this.createMessageSpan()); this.addFieldClass(); };
      this.onlyOnBlur =  options.onlyOnBlur || false;
      this.wait = options.wait || 700;
      this.onlyOnSubmit = options.onlyOnSubmit || false;
      // add to form if it has been provided
      if(this.form){
        this.formObj = LiveValidationForm.getInstance(this.form);
        this.formObj.addField(this);
      }
      // events
      // collect old events
      this.oldOnFocus = this.element.onfocus || function(){};
      this.oldOnBlur = this.element.onblur || function(){};
      this.oldOnClick = this.element.onclick || function(){};
      this.oldOnChange = this.element.onchange || function(){};
      this.oldOnKeyup = this.element.onkeyup || function(){};
      this.element.onfocus = function(e){ self.doOnFocus(e); return self.oldOnFocus.call(this, e); }
      if(!this.onlyOnSubmit){
        switch(this.elementType){
          case LiveValidation.CHECKBOX:
          this.element.onclick = function(e){ self.validate(); return self.oldOnClick.call(this, e); }
          // let it run into the next to add a change event too
          case LiveValidation.SELECT:
          case LiveValidation.FILE:
          this.element.onchange = function(e){ self.validate(); return self.oldOnChange.call(this, e); }
          break;
          default:
          if(!this.onlyOnBlur) this.element.onkeyup = function(e){ self.deferValidation(); return self.oldOnKeyup.call(this, e); }
          this.element.onblur = function(e){ self.doOnBlur(e); return self.oldOnBlur.call(this, e); }
        }
      }
    },
    
    /**
     *destroys the instance's events (restoring previous ones) and removes it from any LiveValidationForms
     */
    destroy: function(){
      if(this.formObj){
        // remove the field from the LiveValidationForm
        this.formObj.removeField(this);
        // destroy the LiveValidationForm if no LiveValidation fields left in it
        this.formObj.destroy();
      }
      // remove events - set them back to the previous events
      this.element.onfocus = this.oldOnFocus;
      if(!this.onlyOnSubmit){
        switch(this.elementType){
        case LiveValidation.CHECKBOX:
          this.element.onclick = this.oldOnClick;
          // let it run into the next to add a change event too
        case LiveValidation.SELECT:
        case LiveValidation.FILE:
          this.element.onchange = this.oldOnChange;
          break;
        default:
          if(!this.onlyOnBlur) this.element.onkeyup = this.oldOnKeyup;
          this.element.onblur = this.oldOnBlur;
        }
      }
      this.validations = [];
      this.removeMessageAndFieldClass();
    },
    
    /**
     *adds a validation to perform to a LiveValidation object
     *
     *@var validationFunction {Function} - validation function to be used (ie Validate.Presence )
     *@var validationParamsObj {Object} - parameters for doing the validation, if wanted or necessary
     * @return {Object} - the LiveValidation object itself so that calls can be chained
     */
    add: function(validationFunction, validationParamsObj){
      this.validations.push( {type: validationFunction, params: validationParamsObj || {} } );
      return this;
    },
    
    /**
     *removes a validation from a LiveValidation object - must have exactly the same arguments as used to add it 
     *
     *@var validationFunction {Function} - validation function to be used (ie Validate.Presence )
     *@var validationParamsObj {Object} - parameters for doing the validation, if wanted or necessary
     * @return {Object} - the LiveValidation object itself so that calls can be chained
     */
    remove: function(validationFunction, validationParamsObj){
      var found = false;
      for( var i = 0, len = this.validations.length; i < len; i++ ){
        if( this.validations[i].type == validationFunction ){
          if (this.validations[i].params == validationParamsObj) {
            found = true;
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      if(found) this.validations.splice(i,1);
      return this;
    },
    
    
    /**
     * makes the validation wait the alotted time from the last keystroke 
     */
    deferValidation: function(e){
      if(this.wait >= 300) this.removeMessageAndFieldClass();
      var self = this;
      if(this.timeout) clearTimeout(self.timeout);
      this.timeout = setTimeout( function(){ self.validate() }, self.wait); 
    },
        
    /**
     * sets the focused flag to false when field loses focus 
     */
    doOnBlur: function(e){
      this.focused = false;
      this.validate(e);
    },
        
    /**
     * sets the focused flag to true when field gains focus 
     */
    doOnFocus: function(e){
      this.focused = true;
      this.removeMessageAndFieldClass();
    },
    
    /**
     *gets the type of element, to check whether it is compatible
     *
     *@var validationFunction {Function} - validation function to be used (ie Validate.Presence )
     *@var validationParamsObj {Object} - parameters for doing the validation, if wanted or necessary
     */
    getElementType: function(){
      switch(true){
        case (this.element.nodeName.toUpperCase() == 'TEXTAREA'):
        return LiveValidation.TEXTAREA;
        case (this.element.nodeName.toUpperCase() == 'INPUT' && this.element.type.toUpperCase() == 'TEXT'):
        return LiveValidation.TEXT;
        case (this.element.nodeName.toUpperCase() == 'INPUT' && this.element.type.toUpperCase() == 'PASSWORD'):
        return LiveValidation.PASSWORD;
        case (this.element.nodeName.toUpperCase() == 'INPUT' && this.element.type.toUpperCase() == 'CHECKBOX'):
        return LiveValidation.CHECKBOX;
        case (this.element.nodeName.toUpperCase() == 'INPUT' && this.element.type.toUpperCase() == 'FILE'):
        return LiveValidation.FILE;
        case (this.element.nodeName.toUpperCase() == 'SELECT'):
        return LiveValidation.SELECT;
        case (this.element.nodeName.toUpperCase() == 'INPUT'):
        throw new Error('LiveValidation::getElementType - Cannot use LiveValidation on an ' + this.element.type + ' input!');
        default:
        throw new Error('LiveValidation::getElementType - Element must be an input, select, or textarea!');
      }
    },
    
    /**
     *loops through all the validations added to the LiveValidation object and checks them one by one
     *
     *@var validationFunction {Function} - validation function to be used (ie Validate.Presence )
     *@var validationParamsObj {Object} - parameters for doing the validation, if wanted or necessary
     * @return {Boolean} - whether the all the validations passed or if one failed
     */
    doValidations: function(){
      this.validationFailed = false;
      for(var i = 0, len = this.validations.length; i < len; ++i){
        var validation = this.validations[i];
        switch(validation.type){
        case Validate.Presence:
        case Validate.Confirmation:
        case Validate.Acceptance:
          this.displayMessageWhenEmpty = true;
          this.validationFailed = !this.validateElement(validation.type, validation.params); 
          break;
        default:
          this.validationFailed = !this.validateElement(validation.type, validation.params);
          break;
        }
        if(this.validationFailed) return false;
      }
      this.message = this.validMessage;
      return true;
    },
    
    /**
     *performs validation on the element and handles any error (validation or otherwise) it throws up
     *
     *@var validationFunction {Function} - validation function to be used (ie Validate.Presence )
     *@var validationParamsObj {Object} - parameters for doing the validation, if wanted or necessary
     * @return {Boolean} - whether the validation has passed or failed
     */
    validateElement: function(validationFunction, validationParamsObj){
      var value = (this.elementType == LiveValidation.SELECT) ? this.element.options[this.element.selectedIndex].value : this.element.value;     
      if(validationFunction == Validate.Acceptance){
        if(this.elementType != LiveValidation.CHECKBOX) throw new Error('LiveValidation::validateElement - Element to validate acceptance must be a checkbox!');
        value = this.element.checked;
      }
      var isValid = true;
      try{    
        validationFunction(value, validationParamsObj);
      } catch(error) {
        if(error instanceof Validate.Error){
          if( value !== '' || (value === '' && this.displayMessageWhenEmpty) ){
            this.validationFailed = true;
            this.message = error.message;
            isValid = false;
          }
        }else{
          throw error;
        }
      }finally{
        return isValid;
      }
    },
    
    /**
     *makes it do the all the validations and fires off the onValid or onInvalid callbacks
     *
     * @return {Boolean} - whether the all the validations passed or if one failed
     */
    validate: function(){
      if(!this.element.disabled){
        var isValid = this.doValidations();
        if(isValid){
          this.onValid();
          return true;
        }else {
          this.onInvalid();
          return false;
        }
      }else{
        return true;
      }
    },
    
    /**
     *  enables the field
     *
     *  @return {LiveValidation} - the LiveValidation object for chaining
     */
    enable: function(){
      this.element.disabled = false;
      return this;
    },
  
    /**
     *  disables the field and removes any message and styles associated with the field
     *
     *  @return {LiveValidation} - the LiveValidation object for chaining
     */
    disable: function(){
      this.element.disabled = true;
      this.removeMessageAndFieldClass();
      return this;
    },
    
    /** Message insertion methods ****************************
     * 
     * These are only used in the onValid and onInvalid callback functions and so if you overide the default callbacks,
     * you must either impliment your own functions to do whatever you want, or call some of these from them if you 
     * want to keep some of the functionality
     */
    
    /**
     *makes a span containg the passed or failed message
     *
     * @return {HTMLSpanObject} - a span element with the message in it
     */
    createMessageSpan: function(){
      var span = document.createElement('span');
      var textNode = document.createTextNode(this.message);
      span.appendChild(textNode);
      return span;
    },
    
    /**
     *inserts the element containing the message in place of the element that already exists (if it does)
     *
     * @var elementToIsert {HTMLElementObject} - an element node to insert
     */
    insertMessage: function(elementToInsert){
      this.removeMessage();
      if( (this.displayMessageWhenEmpty && (this.elementType == LiveValidation.CHECKBOX || this.element.value == ''))
          || this.element.value != '' ){
        var className = this.validationFailed ? this.invalidClass : this.validClass;
        elementToInsert.className += ' ' + this.messageClass + ' ' + className;
        if(this.insertAfterWhatNode.nextSibling){
          this.insertAfterWhatNode.parentNode.insertBefore(elementToInsert, this.insertAfterWhatNode.nextSibling);
        }else{
          this.insertAfterWhatNode.parentNode.appendChild(elementToInsert);
        }
      }
    },
    
    
    /**
     *changes the class of the field based on whether it is valid or not
     */
    addFieldClass: function(){
      this.removeFieldClass();
      if(!this.validationFailed){
        if(this.displayMessageWhenEmpty || this.element.value != ''){
          if(this.element.className.indexOf(this.validFieldClass) == -1) this.element.className += ' ' + this.validFieldClass;
        }
      }else{
        if(this.element.className.indexOf(this.invalidFieldClass) == -1) this.element.className += ' ' + this.invalidFieldClass;
      }
    },
    
    /**
     *removes the message element if it exists, so that the new message will replace it
     */
    removeMessage: function(){
      var nextEl;
      var el = this.insertAfterWhatNode;
      while(el.nextSibling){
        if(el.nextSibling.nodeType === 1){
          nextEl = el.nextSibling;
          break;
        }
        el = el.nextSibling;
      }
      if(nextEl && nextEl.className.indexOf(this.messageClass) != -1) this.insertAfterWhatNode.parentNode.removeChild(nextEl);
    },
    
    /**
     *removes the class that has been applied to the field to indicte if valid or not
     */
    removeFieldClass: function(){
      if(this.element.className.indexOf(this.invalidFieldClass) != -1) this.element.className = this.element.className.split(this.invalidFieldClass).join('');
      if(this.element.className.indexOf(this.validFieldClass) != -1) this.element.className = this.element.className.split(this.validFieldClass).join(' ');
    },
        
    /**
     *removes the message and the field class
     */
    removeMessageAndFieldClass: function(){
      this.removeMessage();
      this.removeFieldClass();
    }

  } // end of LiveValidation class

  /*************************************** LiveValidationForm class ****************************************/
  /**
   * This class is used internally by LiveValidation class to associate a LiveValidation field with a form it is icontained in one
   * 
   * It will therefore not really ever be needed to be used directly by the developer, unless they want to associate a LiveValidation 
   * field with a form that it is not a child of
   */

  /**
   *handles validation of LiveValidation fields belonging to this form on its submittal
   *
   *@var element {HTMLFormElement} - a dom element reference to the form to turn into a LiveValidationForm
   */
    var LiveValidationForm = function(element){
      this.initialize(element);
    }

    /**
     * namespace to hold instances
     */
      LiveValidationForm.instances = {};

/**
 *gets the instance of the LiveValidationForm if it has already been made or creates it if it doesnt exist
 *
 *@var element {HTMLFormElement} - a dom element reference to a form
 */
LiveValidationForm.getInstance = function(element){
  var rand = Math.random() * Math.random();
  if(!element.id) element.id = 'formId_' + rand.toString().replace(/\./, '') + new Date().valueOf();
  if(!LiveValidationForm.instances[element.id]) LiveValidationForm.instances[element.id] = new LiveValidationForm(element);
  return LiveValidationForm.instances[element.id];
}

  LiveValidationForm.prototype = {
  
    /**
     *constructor for LiveValidationForm - handles validation of LiveValidation fields belonging to this form on its submittal
     *
     *@var element {HTMLFormElement} - a dom element reference to the form to turn into a LiveValidationForm
     */
    initialize: function(element){
      this.name = element.id;
      this.element = element;
      this.fields = [];
      // preserve the old onsubmit event
      this.oldOnSubmit = this.element.onsubmit || function(){};
      var self = this;
      this.element.onsubmit = function(e){
        return (LiveValidation.massValidate(self.fields)) ? self.oldOnSubmit.call(this, e || window.event) !== false : false;
      }
    },
  
    /**
     *adds a LiveValidation field to the forms fields array
     *
     *@var element {LiveValidation} - a LiveValidation object
     */
    addField: function(newField){
      this.fields.push(newField);
    },
  
    /**
     *removes a LiveValidation field from the forms fields array
     *
     *@var victim {LiveValidation} - a LiveValidation object
     */
    removeField: function(victim){
      var victimless = [];
      for( var i = 0, len = this.fields.length; i < len; i++){
        if(this.fields[i] !== victim) victimless.push(this.fields[i]);
      }
      this.fields = victimless;
    },
  
    /**
     *destroy this instance and its events
     *
     * @var force {Boolean} - whether to force the detruction even if there are fields still associated
     */
    destroy: function(force){
      // only destroy if has no fields and not being forced
      if (this.fields.length != 0 && !force) return false;
      // remove events - set back to previous events
      this.element.onsubmit = this.oldOnSubmit;
      // remove from the instances namespace
      LiveValidationForm.instances[this.name] = null;
      return true;
    }
   
  }// end of LiveValidationForm prototype

  /*************************************** Validate class ****************************************/
  /**
   * This class contains all the methods needed for doing the actual validation itself
   *
   * All methods are static so that they can be used outside the context of a form field
   * as they could be useful for validating stuff anywhere you want really
   *
   * All of them will return true if the validation is successful, but will raise a ValidationError if
   * they fail, so that this can be caught and the message explaining the error can be accessed ( as just 
   * returning false would leave you a bit in the dark as to why it failed )
   *
   * Can use validation methods alone and wrap in a try..catch statement yourself if you want to access the failure
   * message and handle the error, or use the Validate::now method if you just want true or false
   */

    var Validate = {

      /**
       *validates that the field has been filled in
       *
       *@var value {mixed} - value to be checked
       *@var paramsObj {Object} - parameters for this particular validation, see below for details
       *
       *paramsObj properties:
       *failureMessage {String} - the message to show when the field fails validation 
       *  (DEFAULT: "Can't be empty!")
       */
      Presence: function(value, paramsObj){
        var paramsObj = paramsObj || {};
        var message = paramsObj.failureMessage || "Can't be empty!";
        if(value === '' || value === null || value === undefined){ 
          Validate.fail(message);
        }
        return true;
      },
    
      /**
       *validates that the value is numeric, does not fall within a given range of numbers
       *
       *@var value {mixed} - value to be checked
       *@var paramsObj {Object} - parameters for this particular validation, see below for details
       *
       *paramsObj properties:
       *notANumberMessage {String} - the message to show when the validation fails when value is not a number
       *    (DEFAULT: "Must be a number!")
       *notAnIntegerMessage {String} - the message to show when the validation fails when value is not an integer
       *    (DEFAULT: "Must be a number!")
       *wrongNumberMessage {String} - the message to show when the validation fails when is param is used
       *    (DEFAULT: "Must be {is}!")
       *tooLowMessage {String} - the message to show when the validation fails when minimum param is used
       *    (DEFAULT: "Must not be less than {minimum}!")
       *tooHighMessage {String} - the message to show when the validation fails when maximum param is used
       *    (DEFAULT: "Must not be more than {maximum}!")
       *is {Int} - the length must be this long 
       *minimum {Int} - the minimum length allowed
       *maximum {Int} - the maximum length allowed
       *                         onlyInteger {Boolean} - if true will only allow integers to be valid
       *                                                             (DEFAULT: false)
       *
       *  NB. can be checked if it is within a range by specifying both a minimum and a maximum
       *  NB. will evaluate numbers represented in scientific form (ie 2e10) correctly as numbers
       */
      Numericality: function(value, paramsObj){
        var suppliedValue = value;
        var value = Number(value);
        var paramsObj = paramsObj || {};
        var minimum = ((paramsObj.minimum) || (paramsObj.minimum == 0)) ? paramsObj.minimum : null;;
        var maximum = ((paramsObj.maximum) || (paramsObj.maximum == 0)) ? paramsObj.maximum : null;
        var is = ((paramsObj.is) || (paramsObj.is == 0)) ? paramsObj.is : null;
        var notANumberMessage = paramsObj.notANumberMessage || "Must be a number!";
        var notAnIntegerMessage = paramsObj.notAnIntegerMessage || "Must be an integer!";
        var wrongNumberMessage = paramsObj.wrongNumberMessage || "Must be " + is + "!";
        var tooLowMessage = paramsObj.tooLowMessage || "Must not be less than " + minimum + "!";
        var tooHighMessage = paramsObj.tooHighMessage || "Must not be more than " + maximum + "!";
        if (!isFinite(value)) Validate.fail(notANumberMessage);
        if (paramsObj.onlyInteger && (/\.0+$|\.$/.test(String(suppliedValue))  || value != parseInt(value)) ) Validate.fail(notAnIntegerMessage);
        switch(true){
        case (is !== null):
          if( value != Number(is) ) Validate.fail(wrongNumberMessage);
          break;
        case (minimum !== null && maximum !== null):
          Validate.Numericality(value, {tooLowMessage: tooLowMessage, minimum: minimum});
          Validate.Numericality(value, {tooHighMessage: tooHighMessage, maximum: maximum});
          break;
        case (minimum !== null):
          if( value < Number(minimum) ) Validate.fail(tooLowMessage);
          break;
        case (maximum !== null):
          if( value > Number(maximum) ) Validate.fail(tooHighMessage);
          break;
        }
        return true;
      },
    
      /**
       *validates against a RegExp pattern
       *
       *@var value {mixed} - value to be checked
       *@var paramsObj {Object} - parameters for this particular validation, see below for details
       *
       *paramsObj properties:
       *failureMessage {String} - the message to show when the field fails validation
       *  (DEFAULT: "Not valid!")
       *pattern {RegExp} - the regular expression pattern
       *  (DEFAULT: /./)
       *             negate {Boolean} - if set to true, will validate true if the pattern is not matched
       *                           (DEFAULT: false)
       *
       *  NB. will return true for an empty string, to allow for non-required, empty fields to validate.
       *If you do not want this to be the case then you must either add a LiveValidation.PRESENCE validation
       *or build it into the regular expression pattern
       */
      Format: function(value, paramsObj){
        var value = String(value);
        var paramsObj = paramsObj || {};
        var message = paramsObj.failureMessage || "Not valid!";
        var pattern = paramsObj.pattern || /./;
        var negate = paramsObj.negate || false;
        if(!negate && !pattern.test(value)) Validate.fail(message); // normal
        if(negate && pattern.test(value)) Validate.fail(message); // negated
        return true;
      },
    
      /**
       *validates that the field contains a valid email address
       *
       *@var value {mixed} - value to be checked
       *@var paramsObj {Object} - parameters for this particular validation, see below for details
       *
       *paramsObj properties:
       *failureMessage {String} - the message to show when the field fails validation
       *  (DEFAULT: "Must be a number!" or "Must be an integer!")
       */
      Email: function(value, paramsObj){
        var paramsObj = paramsObj || {};
        var message = paramsObj.failureMessage || "Must be a valid email address!";
        Validate.Format(value, { failureMessage: message, pattern: /^([^@\s]+)@((?:[-a-z0-9]+\.)+[a-z]{2,})$/i } );
        return true;
      },
    
      /**
       *validates the length of the value
       *
       *@var value {mixed} - value to be checked
       *@var paramsObj {Object} - parameters for this particular validation, see below for details
       *
       *paramsObj properties:
       *wrongLengthMessage {String} - the message to show when the fails when is param is used
       *    (DEFAULT: "Must be {is} characters long!")
       *tooShortMessage {String} - the message to show when the fails when minimum param is used
       *    (DEFAULT: "Must not be less than {minimum} characters long!")
       *tooLongMessage {String} - the message to show when the fails when maximum param is used
       *    (DEFAULT: "Must not be more than {maximum} characters long!")
       *is {Int} - the length must be this long 
       *minimum {Int} - the minimum length allowed
       *maximum {Int} - the maximum length allowed
       *
       *  NB. can be checked if it is within a range by specifying both a minimum and a maximum
       */
      Length: function(value, paramsObj){
        var value = String(value);
        var paramsObj = paramsObj || {};
        var minimum = ((paramsObj.minimum) || (paramsObj.minimum == 0)) ? paramsObj.minimum : null;
        var maximum = ((paramsObj.maximum) || (paramsObj.maximum == 0)) ? paramsObj.maximum : null;
        var is = ((paramsObj.is) || (paramsObj.is == 0)) ? paramsObj.is : null;
        var wrongLengthMessage = paramsObj.wrongLengthMessage || "Must be " + is + " characters long!";
        var tooShortMessage = paramsObj.tooShortMessage || "Must not be less than " + minimum + " characters long!";
        var tooLongMessage = paramsObj.tooLongMessage || "Must not be more than " + maximum + " characters long!";
        switch(true){
        case (is !== null):
          if( value.length != Number(is) ) Validate.fail(wrongLengthMessage);
          break;
        case (minimum !== null && maximum !== null):
          Validate.Length(value, {tooShortMessage: tooShortMessage, minimum: minimum});
          Validate.Length(value, {tooLongMessage: tooLongMessage, maximum: maximum});
          break;
        case (minimum !== null):
          if( value.length < Number(minimum) ) Validate.fail(tooShortMessage);
          break;
        case (maximum !== null):
          if( value.length > Number(maximum) ) Validate.fail(tooLongMessage);
          break;
        default:
          throw new Error("Validate::Length - Length(s) to validate against must be provided!");
        }
        return true;
      },
    
      /**
       *validates that the value falls within a given set of values
       *
       *@var value {mixed} - value to be checked
       *@var paramsObj {Object} - parameters for this particular validation, see below for details
       *
       *paramsObj properties:
       *failureMessage {String} - the message to show when the field fails validation
       *  (DEFAULT: "Must be included in the list!")
       *within {Array} - an array of values that the value should fall in 
       *  (DEFAULT: [])
       *allowNull {Bool} - if true, and a null value is passed in, validates as true
       *  (DEFAULT: false)
       *             partialMatch {Bool} - if true, will not only validate against the whole value to check but also if it is a substring of the value 
       *  (DEFAULT: false)
       *             caseSensitive {Bool} - if false will compare strings case insensitively
       *                          (DEFAULT: true)
       *             negate {Bool} - if true, will validate that the value is not within the given set of values
       *  (DEFAULT: false)
       */
      Inclusion: function(value, paramsObj){
        var paramsObj = paramsObj || {};
        var message = paramsObj.failureMessage || "Must be included in the list!";
        var caseSensitive = (paramsObj.caseSensitive === false) ? false : true;
        if(paramsObj.allowNull && value == null) return true;
        if(!paramsObj.allowNull && value == null) Validate.fail(message);
        var within = paramsObj.within || [];
        //if case insensitive, make all strings in the array lowercase, and the value too
        if(!caseSensitive){ 
          var lowerWithin = [];
          for(var j = 0, length = within.length; j < length; ++j){
            var item = within[j];
            if(typeof item == 'string') item = item.toLowerCase();
            lowerWithin.push(item);
          }
          within = lowerWithin;
          if(typeof value == 'string') value = value.toLowerCase();
        }
        var found = false;
        for(var i = 0, length = within.length; i < length; ++i){
          if(within[i] == value) found = true;
          if(paramsObj.partialMatch){ 
            if(value.indexOf(within[i]) != -1) found = true;
          }
        }
        if( (!paramsObj.negate && !found) || (paramsObj.negate && found) ) Validate.fail(message);
        return true;
      },
    
      /**
       *validates that the value does not fall within a given set of values
       *
       *@var value {mixed} - value to be checked
       *@var paramsObj {Object} - parameters for this particular validation, see below for details
       *
       *paramsObj properties:
       *failureMessage {String} - the message to show when the field fails validation
       *  (DEFAULT: "Must not be included in the list!")
       *within {Array} - an array of values that the value should not fall in 
       *  (DEFAULT: [])
       *allowNull {Bool} - if true, and a null value is passed in, validates as true
       *  (DEFAULT: false)
       *             partialMatch {Bool} - if true, will not only validate against the whole value to check but also if it is a substring of the value 
       *  (DEFAULT: false)
       *             caseSensitive {Bool} - if false will compare strings case insensitively
       *                          (DEFAULT: true)
       */
      Exclusion: function(value, paramsObj){
        var paramsObj = paramsObj || {};
        paramsObj.failureMessage = paramsObj.failureMessage || "Must not be included in the list!";
        paramsObj.negate = true;
        Validate.Inclusion(value, paramsObj);
        return true;
      },
    
      /**
       *validates that the value matches that in another field
       *
       *@var value {mixed} - value to be checked
       *@var paramsObj {Object} - parameters for this particular validation, see below for details
       *
       *paramsObj properties:
       *failureMessage {String} - the message to show when the field fails validation
       *  (DEFAULT: "Does not match!")
       *match {String} - id of the field that this one should match
       */
      Confirmation: function(value, paramsObj){
        if(!paramsObj.match) throw new Error("Validate::Confirmation - Error validating confirmation: Id of element to match must be provided!");
        var paramsObj = paramsObj || {};
        var message = paramsObj.failureMessage || "Does not match!";
        var match = paramsObj.match.nodeName ? paramsObj.match : document.getElementById(paramsObj.match);
        if(!match) throw new Error("Validate::Confirmation - There is no reference with name of, or element with id of '" + paramsObj.match + "'!");
        if(value != match.value){ 
          Validate.fail(message);
        }
        return true;
      },
    
      /**
       *validates that the value is true (for use primarily in detemining if a checkbox has been checked)
       *
       *@var value {mixed} - value to be checked if true or not (usually a boolean from the checked value of a checkbox)
       *@var paramsObj {Object} - parameters for this particular validation, see below for details
       *
       *paramsObj properties:
       *failureMessage {String} - the message to show when the field fails validation 
       *  (DEFAULT: "Must be accepted!")
       */
      Acceptance: function(value, paramsObj){
        var paramsObj = paramsObj || {};
        var message = paramsObj.failureMessage || "Must be accepted!";
        if(!value){ 
          Validate.fail(message);
        }
        return true;
      },
    
      /**
       *validates against a custom function that returns true or false (or throws a Validate.Error) when passed the value
       *
       *@var value {mixed} - value to be checked
       *@var paramsObj {Object} - parameters for this particular validation, see below for details
       *
       *paramsObj properties:
       *failureMessage {String} - the message to show when the field fails validation
       *  (DEFAULT: "Not valid!")
       *against {Function} - a function that will take the value and object of arguments and return true or false 
       *  (DEFAULT: function(){ return true; })
       *args {Object} - an object of named arguments that will be passed to the custom function so are accessible through this object within it 
       *  (DEFAULT: {})
       */
      Custom: function(value, paramsObj){
        var paramsObj = paramsObj || {};
        var against = paramsObj.against || function(){ return true; };
        var args = paramsObj.args || {};
        var message = paramsObj.failureMessage || "Not valid!";
        if(!against(value, args)) Validate.fail(message);
        return true;
      },
      
      /**
       *validates whatever it is you pass in, and handles the validation error for you so it gives a nice true or false reply
       *
       *@var validationFunction {Function} - validation function to be used (ie Validation.validatePresence )
       *@var value {mixed} - value to be checked if true or not (usually a boolean from the checked value of a checkbox)
       *@var validationParamsObj {Object} - parameters for doing the validation, if wanted or necessary
       */
      now: function(validationFunction, value, validationParamsObj){
        if(!validationFunction) throw new Error("Validate::now - Validation function must be provided!");
        var isValid = true;
        try{    
          validationFunction(value, validationParamsObj || {});
        } catch(error) {
          if(error instanceof Validate.Error){
            isValid =  false;
          }else{
            throw error;
          }
        }finally{ 
            return isValid 
        }
      },
    
      /**
       * shortcut for failing throwing a validation error
       *
       *@var errorMessage {String} - message to display
       */
      fail: function(errorMessage){
        throw new Validate.Error(errorMessage);
      },
    
      Error: function(errorMessage){
        this.message = errorMessage;
        this.name = 'ValidationError';
      }

    }